--- title: A raindrop speeds up until the push of the air equals its weight, an… — Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the E… · tree and pragmatics description: A raindrop speeds up until the push of the air equals its weight, and then it falls at a steady speed, so it does not hurt; without air, a drop from a high cloud would arrive faster than a racing car. Who acts: raindrop, push, drop, air. A sentence of the lesson «Why things fall: the apple and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/1-why-things-fall/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Why things fall: the apple and the pul…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/1-why-things-fall/) / 18 # Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth, sentence 18 A raindrop speeds up until the push of the air equals its weight, and then it falls at a steady speed, so it does not hurt; without air, a drop from a high cloud would arrive faster than a racing car. **Who acts:** raindrop, push, drop, air · **What happens:** speed up, equal, fall, not hurt, arrive, push · **To what, where:** weight, steady speed This is a sentence of the lesson «Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (raindrop, push, drop, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:001-why-things-fall.lesson:18 # text = A raindrop speeds up until the push of the air equals its weight, and then it falls at a steady speed, so it does not hurt; without air, a drop from a high cloud would arrive faster than a racing car. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 001-why-things-fall.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 raindrop raindrop NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 speeds speed VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 up up ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 until until SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 push push NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 equals equal VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 weight weight NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 18 advmod _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 falls fall VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 19 at at ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 steady steady ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 speed speed NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 24 so so ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 26 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 27 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 28 advmod _ _ 28 hurt hurt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 without without ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:obl 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 drop drop NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ _ 35 from from ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 37 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 39 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 arrive arrive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 41 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 40 xcomp _ _ 42 than than ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 racing racing NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 compound _ _ 45 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speed up** | present | a raindrop | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **equal** | present | the push of the air | push's weight | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **fall** | present | raindrop | | | a steady speed | then | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at speed=Location | | 4 | **not** **hurt** | present · do-support | raindrop | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus | | 5 | **arrive** | would | a drop from a high cloud | | | | | without air; fast *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **push** | | the air | | | | | | nom push «act intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:001-why-things-fall.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Why things fall: the apple and the pul…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/1-why-things-fall/17/) - next →: [The Moon, the planets and the pull tha…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/2-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-pull/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/1-why-things-fall/)