--- title: Hot air spreads out and gets lighter for its size than the cold air… — Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and… · tree and pragmatics description: Hot air spreads out and gets lighter for its size than the cold air around it, so a hot-air balloon rises, and sinks slowly as the air inside cools, so the pilot fires a burner to heat it again. Who acts: Hot air, air balloon, air, pilot. A sentence of the lesson «Floating in the real world: ice, su --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Floating in the real world: ice, subma…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/) / 10 # Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons, sentence 10 Hot air spreads out and gets lighter for its size than the cold air around it, so a hot-air balloon rises, and sinks slowly as the air inside cools, so the pilot fires a burner to heat it again. **Who acts:** Hot air, air balloon, air, pilot · **What happens:** spread out, get, rise, sink, cool, fire · **To what, where:** burner, air This is a sentence of the lesson «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hot air, air balloon, air, pilot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:012-ice-submarines-and-balloons.lesson:10 # text = Hot air spreads out and gets lighter for its size than the cold air around it, so a hot-air balloon rises, and sinks slowly as the air inside cools, so the pilot fires a burner to heat it again. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 012-ice-submarines-and-balloons.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 spreads spread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 out out ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 gets get VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 7 lighter light ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 6 xcomp _ _ 8 for for ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 size size NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 11 than than ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 15 around around ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 18 so so ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:det 20 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 21 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 20 punct _ _ 22 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 balloon balloon NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=24:compound 24 rises rise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 sinks sink VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 28 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 29 as as SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 32 inside inside ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 33 cools cool VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 advcl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 35 so so ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 pilot pilot NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 38 fires fire VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 burner burner NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 41 to to PART TO _ 42 mark _ _ 42 heat heat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 advcl _ _ 43 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 obj _ _ 44 again again ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread out** | present | Hot air | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **get** | present | Hot air *not said here* | | | | | than the cold air around air; light *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **rise** | present | a air balloon | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **sink** | present | a air balloon *not said here* | | | | | slowly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **cool** | present | the air | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **fire** | present | the pilot | a burner | | | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent burner=Theme | | 7 | **heat** | to-infinitive | the pilot *not said here* | air | | | again | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:012-ice-submarines-and-balloons.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Floating in the real world: ice, subma…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/9/) - next →: [Floating in the real world: ice, subma…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/)