--- title: Helium is much lighter than air, so the air pushes a helium balloon… — Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and… · tree and pragmatics description: Helium is much lighter than air, so the air pushes a helium balloon up; let go outside, it rises until it pops, and balloons can harm wildlife. Who acts: Helium, air, balloons. A sentence of the lesson «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Floating in the real world: ice, subma…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/) / 9 # Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons, sentence 9 Helium is much lighter than air, so the air pushes a helium balloon up; let go outside, it rises until it pops, and balloons can harm wildlife. **Who acts:** Helium, air, balloons · **What happens:** be, push, let, go, rise, pop · **To what, where:** helium balloon, wildlife This is a sentence of the lesson «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Helium, air, balloons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:012-ice-submarines-and-balloons.lesson:9 # text = Helium is much lighter than air, so the air pushes a helium balloon up; let go outside, it rises until it pops, and balloons can harm wildlife. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 012-ice-submarines-and-balloons.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Helium helium NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 much much ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 lighter light ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 5 than than ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 so so ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 pushes push VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 helium helium NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 balloon balloon NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 15 up up ADP RP _ 14 compound:prt _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 advcl _ _ 18 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 xcomp _ _ 19 outside outside ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 rises rise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 23 until until SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 pops pop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 balloons balloon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 29 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 harm harm VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 31 wildlife wildlife NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Helium | | | | | than air; light *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **push** | present | the air | a helium balloon | | | | | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balloon=Theme | | 3 | **let** | infinitive | air *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **go** | infinitive | air *not said here* | | | | | outside *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **rise** | present | air | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **pop** | present | air | | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **harm** | can | balloons | wildlife | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus wildlife=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:012-ice-submarines-and-balloons.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Floating in the real world: ice, subma…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/8/) - next →: [Floating in the real world: ice, subma…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/)