--- title: A plane's wings turn air downwards and make the air over the top flo… — Wind and weather · tree and pragmatics description: A plane's wings turn air downwards and make the air over the top flow faster with lower pressure, so the air pushes the wings up; the faster the plane goes, the more lift (upward push) its wings make, so it races along the runway first. Who acts: wings, air, plane. A sentence of the lesson «Wind and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/15-wind-and-weather/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Wind and weather](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/15-wind-and-weather/) / 13 # Wind and weather, sentence 13 A plane's wings turn air downwards and make the air over the top flow faster with lower pressure, so the air pushes the wings up; the faster the plane goes, the more lift (upward push) its wings make, so it races along the runway first. **Who acts:** wings, air, plane · **What happens:** turn, make, flow, push up, go, race · **To what, where:** air, top, wings, more lift, runway This is a sentence of the lesson «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wings, air, plane), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:015-wind-and-weather.lesson:13 # text = A plane's wings turn air downwards and make the air over the top flow faster with lower pressure, so the air pushes the wings up; the faster the plane goes, the more lift (upward push) its wings make, so it races along the runway first. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 015-wind-and-weather.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 plane plane NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 turn turn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 7 downwards downwards ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 over over ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 15 flow flow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 xcomp _ _ 16 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 15 advmod _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 19 amod _ _ 19 pressure pressure NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 so so ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 pushes push VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 27 up up ADP RP _ 24 compound:prt _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 33 advcl _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 plane plane NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 goes go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 37 amod _ _ 37 lift lift NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obj _ _ 38 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 40 punct _ _ 39 upward upward ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 push push NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 appos _ _ 41 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 40 punct _ _ 42 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ _ 43 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nsubj _ _ 44 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 advcl _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 46 so so ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ _ 47 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 48 races race VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 49 along along ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 runway runway NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 52 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 48 advmod _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **turn** | present | a plane's wings | air | | | | downwards *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent air=Theme | | 2 | **make** | infinitive | a plane's wings *not said here* | the air | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **flow** | infinitive | the air *not said here* | | | the top | | with lower pressure; fast *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over top=Location | | 4 | **push up** | present | the air | the wings | | | | | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Theme | | 5 | **go** | present | the plane | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **make** | present | air's wings | the more lift | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lift=Product | | 7 | **race** | present | air | | | the runway | | first *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along runway=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:015-wind-and-weather.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Wind and weather, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/15-wind-and-weather/12/) - next →: [Wind and weather, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/15-wind-and-weather/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/15-wind-and-weather/)