---
title: The wings of a plane turn the air downwards, and the air pushes back… — Wind and weather · tree and pragmatics
description: The wings of a plane turn the air downwards, and the air pushes back up on the wings strongly enough to hold up a giant jet. Who acts: wings, air. A sentence of the lesson «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wind and weather, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wings of a plane turn the air downwards, and the air pushes back up on the wings strongly enough to hold up a giant jet.

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**Who acts:** wings, air · **What happens:** turn, push, hold up · **To what, where:** air, wings, giant jet

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wings, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:015-wind-and-weather.lesson:3
# text = The wings of a plane turn the air downwards, and the air pushes back up on the wings strongly enough to hold up a giant jet.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 015-wind-and-weather.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=6:punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	pushes	push	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	back	back	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	up	up	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
20	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
24	up	up	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the wings of a plane | the air |  |  |  | downwards *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 2 | **push** | present | the air |  |  | the wings |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hold up** | to-infinitive | the air *not said here* | a giant jet |  |  |  | enough *property* | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot jet=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:015-wind-and-weather.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Wind and weather, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/15-wind-and-weather/2/)
- next →: [Wind and weather, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/15-wind-and-weather/4/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/15-wind-and-weather/)