--- title: A balloon shrinks in the freezer and grows again when warmed, becaus… — Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums · tree and pragmatics description: A balloon shrinks in the freezer and grows again when warmed, because cold air pushes less on the rubber. Who acts: balloon, cold air. A sentence of the lesson «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/) / 14 # Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums, sentence 14 A balloon shrinks in the freezer and grows again when warmed, because cold air pushes less on the rubber. **Who acts:** balloon, cold air · **What happens:** shrink, grow, warm, push · **To what, where:** freezer This is a sentence of the lesson «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (balloon, cold air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:016-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums.lesson:14 # text = A balloon shrinks in the freezer and grows again when warmed, because cold air pushes less on the rubber. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 016-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 balloon balloon NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 shrinks shrink VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 freezer freezer NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 9 again again ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 11 advmod _ _ 11 warmed warm VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 advcl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 because because SCONJ IN ExtPos=ADP 16 mark _ _ 14 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 16 pushes push VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 17 less less ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 16 advmod _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 rubber rubber NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 21 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shrink** | present | a balloon | | | the freezer | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **grow** | present | a balloon *not said here* | | | | again | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **warm** | participle | a balloon *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **push** | present | cold air | | | | | on the rubber; less *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on rubber=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:016-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacu…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/13/) - next →: [Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacu…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/)