--- title: A plane flying faster than sound piles its sound waves up into one b… — Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels · tree and pragmatics description: A plane flying faster than sound piles its sound waves up into one big shock wave that is heard on the ground as a sonic boom; a cracking whip makes a tiny one. Who acts: plane, cracking whip, Sound. A sentence of the lesson «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/) / 12 # Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels, sentence 12 A plane flying faster than sound piles its sound waves up into one big shock wave that is heard on the ground as a sonic boom; a cracking whip makes a tiny one. **Who acts:** plane, cracking whip, Sound · **What happens:** fly, pile, hear, make, wave · **To what, where:** sound waves, one big shock wave, ground, tiny one This is a sentence of the lesson «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plane, cracking whip, Sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson:12 # text = A plane flying faster than sound piles its sound waves up into one big shock wave that is heard on the ground as a sonic boom; a cracking whip makes a tiny one. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 plane plane NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 acl _ _ 4 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 3 advmod _ _ 5 than than ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 piles pile VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 9 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 waves wave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 11 up up ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 12 into into ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 13 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 14 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 15 shock shock NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 wave wave NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 17 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj:pass _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux:pass _ _ 19 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 acl:relcl _ _ 20 on on ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 as as ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 sonic sonic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 boom boom NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 cracking cracking NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 whip whip NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 31 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fly** | gerund | a plane *not said here* | | | | | than sound; fast *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **pile** | present | a plane | Sound's sound waves | | one big shock wave | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent wave=Theme into wave=Destination | | 3 | **hear** | present · passive | | one big shock wave | | the ground | | as a sonic boom | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | | 4 | **make** | present | a cracking whip | a tiny one | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material one=Product | | 5 | **wave** | | Sound | | | | | | nom wave «event transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/11/) - next →: [Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/)