--- title: Lightning heats the air in an instant to hotter than the surface of… — Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels · tree and pragmatics description: Lightning heats the air in an instant to hotter than the surface of the Sun, and the air bursts outwards with a huge sound wave, the thunder. Who acts: Lightning, air. A sentence of the lesson «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/) / 7 # Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels, sentence 7 Lightning heats the air in an instant to hotter than the surface of the Sun, and the air bursts outwards with a huge sound wave, the thunder. **Who acts:** Lightning, air · **What happens:** heat, burst · **To what, where:** air This is a sentence of the lesson «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lightning, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson:7 # text = Lightning heats the air in an instant to hotter than the surface of the Sun, and the air bursts outwards with a huge sound wave, the thunder. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Lightning lightning NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 heats heat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=1:obj 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 instant instant NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 8 to to ADP TO _ 9 case _ _ 9 hotter hot ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 2 obl _ _ 10 than than ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 bursts burst VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 21 outwards outward ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 24 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 25 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 wave wave NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 thunder thunder NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:conj 30 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **heat** | present | Lightning | the air | | | | to hotter *result*; in a instant | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Agent air=Patient in instant=Instrument to hot=Result | | 2 | **burst** | present | the air | | | | | with a huge sound wave; outward *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/6/) - next →: [Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/)