--- title: A siren sounds higher as it comes towards you and lower as it goes a… — Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels · tree and pragmatics description: A siren sounds higher as it comes towards you and lower as it goes away, because its waves are squashed in front and stretched out behind; astronomers use the same squashing and stretching of starlight to tell how fast a star moves towards or away from us. Who acts: siren, astronomers, star. A sente --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/) / 9 # Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels, sentence 9 A siren sounds higher as it comes towards you and lower as it goes away, because its waves are squashed in front and stretched out behind; astronomers use the same squashing and stretching of starlight to tell how fast a star moves towards or away from us. **Who acts:** siren, astronomers, star · **What happens:** sound, come, go away, squash, stretch out, use · **To what, where:** waves, front, same squashing · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (siren, astronomers, star), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson:9 # text = A siren sounds higher as it comes towards you and lower as it goes away, because its waves are squashed in front and stretched out behind; astronomers use the same squashing and stretching of starlight to tell how fast a star moves towards or away from us. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 siren siren NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 sounds sound VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 higher high ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 xcomp _ _ 5 as as SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 6 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 8 towards towards ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 4 conj _ _ 12 as as SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 goes go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ _ 15 away away ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 because because SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 18 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 waves wave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 squashed squash VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 front front NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 stretched stretch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 conj _ _ 26 out out ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ _ 27 behind behind ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:obl|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 astronomers astronomer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:det 32 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:obj 33 squashing squash NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:advcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 stretching stretch NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=33:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 36 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 starlight starlight NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 38 to to PART TO _ 39 mark _ _ 39 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:advcl 40 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 41 advmod _ _ 41 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 44 advmod _ _ 42 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nsubj _ _ 44 moves move VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 ccomp _ _ 45 towards towards ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ _ 46 or or CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 away away ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 48 from from ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 47 obl _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sound** | present | a siren | | | | | high *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 2 | **come** | present | siren | | | | | towards you | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards you=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **go away** | present | siren | | | | | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **squash** | present · passive | | siren's waves | | front | | | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme in front=Trajectory | | 5 | **stretch out** | participle | | | | | | behind *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **use** | present | astronomers | the same squashing and stretching | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent squash=Patient | | 7 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | astronomers *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **move** | present | a star | | | | | away, fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **wave** | | siren | | | | | | nom wave «event transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/8/) - next →: [Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/)