---
title: Shadows are long when the Sun is low in the morning and evening and… — Light and shadows · tree and pragmatics
description: Shadows are long when the Sun is low in the morning and evening and short when it is high at midday, and sundials used shadows to tell the time. Who acts: Shadows, Sun, shadow, sundials. A sentence of the lesson «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t
---

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# Light and shadows, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shadows are long when the Sun is low in the morning and evening and short when it is high at midday, and sundials used shadows to tell the time.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Shadows, Sun, shadow, sundials · **What happens:** be, use, tell · **To what, where:** midday, shadows · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shadows, Sun, shadow, sundials), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:020-light-and-shadows.lesson:7
# text = Shadows are long when the Sun is low in the morning and evening and short when it is high at midday, and sundials used shadows to tell the time.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 020-light-and-shadows.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
16	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	19	mark	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	advcl	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	midday	midday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	sundials	sundial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Shadows |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Sun |  |  |  | morning | low *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Shadows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | shadow |  |  | midday |  | high *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **use** | past | sundials | shadows |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shadow=Patient |
| 6 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | sundials *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:020-light-and-shadows.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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