--- title: A shadow shows the outline of the thing in the way, and moving a han… — Light and shadows · tree and pragmatics description: A shadow shows the outline of the thing in the way, and moving a hand closer to the lamp makes its shadow bigger. Who acts: shadow, moving. A sentence of the lesson «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Light and shadows](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/) / 8 # Light and shadows, sentence 8 A shadow shows the outline of the thing in the way, and moving a hand closer to the lamp makes its shadow bigger. **Who acts:** shadow, moving · **What happens:** show, move, make, shadow · **To what, where:** outline, hand, shadow This is a sentence of the lesson «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shadow, moving), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:020-light-and-shadows.lesson:8 # text = A shadow shows the outline of the thing in the way, and moving a hand closer to the lamp makes its shadow bigger. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 020-light-and-shadows.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 shadow shadow NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 outline outline NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:nmod 12 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 14 moving move VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:nsubj 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 closer close ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 14 xcomp _ _ 18 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 lamp lamp NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:obl 21 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 22 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 shadow shadow NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 21 xcomp _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | a shadow | the outline of the thing | | | | in the way | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent outline=Patient in way=Topic | | 2 | **move** | gerund | | a hand | | | | close *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hand=Theme | | 3 | **make** | present | moving | shadow's shadow | | | | big *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shadow=Product | | 4 | **shadow** | | shadow | | | | | | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:020-light-and-shadows.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Light and shadows, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/7/) - next →: [Light and shadows, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/)