---
title: We see a book because light from a lamp or the Sun bounces off it in… — Light and shadows · tree and pragmatics
description: We see a book because light from a lamp or the Sun bounces off it into our eyes. Who acts: We, light. A sentence of the lesson «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/9/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Light and shadows](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/) / 9

# Light and shadows, sentence 9

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We see a book because light from a lamp or the Sun bounces off it into our eyes.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, light · **What happens:** see, bounce off · **To what, where:** book, shadow, eyes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:020-light-and-shadows.lesson:9
# text = We see a book because light from a lamp or the Sun bounces off it into our eyes.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 020-light-and-shadows.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=9:cc
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	bounces	bounce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
14	off	off	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | We | a book |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer book=Stimulus |
| 2 | **bounce off** | present | light from a lamp or the Sun | shadow |  | our eyes |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme into eye=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:020-light-and-shadows.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Light and shadows, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/8/)
- next →: [Light and shadows, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/10/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/)