---
title: A glass prism bends violet light most and red light least, and Newto… — Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky · tree and pragmatics
description: A glass prism bends violet light most and red light least, and Newton showed that a second prism could mix the colours back into white. Who acts: glass prism, Newton, second prism. A sentence of the lesson «Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its d
---

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# Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A glass prism bends violet light most and red light least, and Newton showed that a second prism could mix the colours back into white.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** glass prism, Newton, second prism · **What happens:** bend, show, mix · **To what, where:** violet light, colours · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glass prism, Newton, second prism), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:021-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky.lesson:12
# text = A glass prism bends violet light most and red light least, and Newton showed that a second prism could mix the colours back into white.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 021-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
3	prism	prism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	violet	violet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	least	least	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	10	advmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	Newton	Newton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	19	amod	_	_
19	prism	prism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	mix	mix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:advcl
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	back	back	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
25	into	into	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | present | a glass prism | violet light and red light |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent light=Material |
| 2 | **show** | past | Newton |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **mix** | could | a second prism | the colours |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:021-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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