--- title: Sunsets are orange and red because sunlight crosses far more air, an… — Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky · tree and pragmatics description: Sunsets are orange and red because sunlight crosses far more air, and most of the blue is scattered away on the way, and dust in the air, such as after a big volcano erupts, scatters away even more blue. Who acts: Sunsets, sunlight, big volcano, dust. A sentence of the lesson «Mirrors, rainbows and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky/) / 14 # Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky, sentence 14 Sunsets are orange and red because sunlight crosses far more air, and most of the blue is scattered away on the way, and dust in the air, such as after a big volcano erupts, scatters away even more blue. **Who acts:** Sunsets, sunlight, big volcano, dust · **What happens:** be, cross, scatter away, erupt · **To what, where:** more air, most, way, more This is a sentence of the lesson «Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sunsets, sunlight, big volcano, dust), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:021-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky.lesson:14 # text = Sunsets are orange and red because sunlight crosses far more air, and most of the blue is scattered away on the way, and dust in the air, such as after a big volcano erupts, scatters away even more blue. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 021-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Sunsets sunset NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 orange orange ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 6 because because SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 7 sunlight sunlight NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 crosses cross VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 9 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 10 advmod _ _ 10 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 11 amod _ _ 11 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 14 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 19 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 blue blue NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux:pass _ _ 19 scattered scatter VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 20 away away ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 21 on on ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 dust dust NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 31 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ 37 mark _ _ 32 as as ADP IN _ 31 fixed _ _ 33 after after SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 volcano volcano NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 37 erupts erupt VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 advcl _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 39 scatters scatter VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=19:conj 40 away away ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=42:advmod 41 even even ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 42 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 39 obj _ _ 43 blue blue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Sunsets | | | | | orange *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | Sunsets *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **cross** | present | sunlight | more air | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient | | 4 | **scatter away** | present · passive | | most of the blue | | the way | | away *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on way=Destination | | 5 | **erupt** | present | a big volcano | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **scatter away** | present | dust in the air | more | | | | away *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent more=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:021-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky/13/) - next →: [Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky/)