---
title: Heat always flows from a hotter thing to a colder thing, never the o… — Heat moves: hot to cold · tree and pragmatics
description: Heat always flows from a hotter thing to a colder thing, never the other way, until both are the same temperature. Who acts: Heat, both. A sentence of the lesson «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Heat moves: hot to cold, sentence 0

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Heat always flows from a hotter thing to a colder thing, never the other way, until both are the same temperature.

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**Who acts:** Heat, both · **What happens:** flow, be · **To what, where:** other way, hotter thing, same temperature

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heat, both), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:0
# text = Heat always flows from a hotter thing to a colder thing, never the other way, until both are the same temperature.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
19	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	nsubj	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	advcl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Heat | the other way |  | a hotter thing |  | to a colder thing; always *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | both | the same temperature |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Lenses and eyes, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/17/)
- next →: [Heat moves: hot to cold, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/1/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/)