---
title: A lid slows the cooling of a hot drink, because less steam escapes. — Heat moves: hot to cold · tree and pragmatics
description: A lid slows the cooling of a hot drink, because less steam escapes. Who acts: lid, less steam. A sentence of the lesson «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Heat moves: hot to cold, sentence 10

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A lid slows the cooling of a hot drink, because less steam escapes.

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**Who acts:** lid, less steam · **What happens:** slow, escape, cool · **To what, where:** cooling, hot drink

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lid, less steam), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:10
# text = A lid slows the cooling of a hot drink, because less steam escapes.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slows	slow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cooling	cooling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	escapes	escape	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slow** | present | a lid | the cooling of a hot drink |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cooling=Patient |
| 2 | **escape** | present | less steam |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cool** |  |  | a hot drink |  |  |  |  | nom cooling «process transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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