---
title: Heat travels in three ways: along solid things, as in a metal spoon… — Heat moves: hot to cold · tree and pragmatics
description: Heat travels in three ways: along solid things, as in a metal spoon that gets hot at the handle; carried by moving air or water, as warm air rises from a radiator; and as invisible rays, as a campfire warms your face across the cold night air. Who acts: Heat, metal spoon, warm air, campfire. A sente
---

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# Heat moves: hot to cold, sentence 2

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Heat travels in three ways: along solid things, as in a metal spoon that gets hot at the handle; carried by moving air or water, as warm air rises from a radiator; and as invisible rays, as a campfire warms your face across the cold night air.

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**Who acts:** Heat, metal spoon, warm air, campfire · **What happens:** travel, get, carry, rise, warm · **To what, where:** three ways, handle, radiator, face, cold night air

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heat, metal spoon, warm air, campfire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:2
# text = Heat travels in three ways: along solid things, as in a metal spoon that gets hot at the handle; carried by moving air or water, as warm air rises from a radiator; and as invisible rays, as a campfire warms your face across the cold night air.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	along	along	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	spoon	spoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	acl	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	parataxis	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	moving	move	ADJ	VBG	_	26	amod	_	_
26	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
31	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	rises	rise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
34	from	from	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	radiator	radiator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
37	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
39	as	as	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	invisible	invisible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
46	warms	warm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	advcl	_	_
47	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	48	nmod:poss	_	_
48	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
49	across	across	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
51	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
52	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	compound	_	_
53	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | present | Heat |  |  | three ways and solid things and invisible rays |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Trajectory |
| 2 | **get** | present | a metal spoon |  |  | the handle |  | hot *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **carry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by moving air or water | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **rise** | present | warm air |  |  | a radiator |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from radiator=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **warm** | present | a campfire | your face |  | the cold night air |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent face=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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