---
title: Heat always flows from hotter things to colder things. — Heat moves: hot to cold · tree and pragmatics
description: Heat always flows from hotter things to colder things. Who acts: Heat. A sentence of the lesson «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Heat moves: hot to cold, sentence 5

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Heat always flows from hotter things to colder things.

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**Who acts:** Heat · **What happens:** flow · **To what, where:** hotter things

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:5
# text = Heat always flows from hotter things to colder things.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	hotter	hotter	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Heat |  |  | hotter things |  | to colder things; always *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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