--- title: Melting, freezing and boiling — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Melting, freezing and boiling», a lesson of the physics course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Water can be solid ice, liquid water, or an invisible gas called water vapour, and adding or taking away heat moves it from one to another. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / Melting, freezing and boiling # Melting, freezing and boiling Lesson 24 of the physics course of Mova's primary school: 17 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/0/) — Water can be solid ice, liquid water, or an invisible gas called water vapour, and adding or taking away heat moves it from one to another. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/1/) — Melting ice soaks up a lot of heat without getting any warmer, so the ice cubes in your squash keep it near freezing for a long time. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/2/) — In a kettle at 100 degrees, water turns into steam right inside the liquid and rises as big bubbles; the white cloud from the spout is tiny droplets of cooled steam, and both can scald. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/3/) — When water vapour in the air touches something cold, like a chilled can or a winter window, it turns back into droplets; the water came from the air, not through the can. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/4/) — Most things grow a little when hot and shrink when cold, so bridges have gaps with metal teeth, and a stuck jar lid loosens under the hot tap. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/5/) — At 100 degrees, water boils: it turns into steam all through the liquid, which rises as big bubbles. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/6/) — Steam is invisible; the white cloud you see is tiny droplets formed as steam cools, and both steam and that cloud can scald. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/7/) — A cold can gets wet outside because water vapour in the air condenses into droplets on the cold metal. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/8/) — Windows steam up on a cold morning because warm, damp air inside condenses on the cold glass, the same way your breath makes a cloud in winter. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/9/) — Melting ice takes in lots of heat without getting warmer, so a drink with ice stays near 0 degrees until the ice is gone. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/10/) — Fresh water freezes at 0 degrees, and water grows as it turns to ice, which is why frozen pipes can burst. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/11/) — Chocolate melts just below body temperature, so it melts in your pocket and in your mouth but stays hard on a cool shelf. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/12/) — A fridge or freezer does not make cold; it pumps heat out of the box and lets it go at the back, which feels warm, and its motor adds a little heat of its own. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/13/) — Bridges grow a little in summer and shrink in winter, and the gaps with metal teeth stop them cracking or buckling. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/14/) — A stuck metal jar lid opens after running it under hot water, because metal grows more than glass when warmed. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/15/) — Snow does not melt the moment the Sun comes out, because white snow bounces most sunlight away and melting needs a lot of heat. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/16/) — Dirty snow melts faster than clean snow, because the dark dirt soaks up sunlight. - ← previous: [Heat moves: hot to cold](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/) - next →: [Keeping warm and keeping cool: insulation and sweat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/25-keeping-warm-and-keeping-cool/) - ↑ back to [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/)