---
title: Windows steam up on a cold morning because warm, damp air inside con… — Melting, freezing and boiling · tree and pragmatics
description: Windows steam up on a cold morning because warm, damp air inside condenses on the cold glass, the same way your breath makes a cloud in winter. Who acts: Windows, warm damp air, breath. A sentence of the lesson «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its d
---

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# Melting, freezing and boiling, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Windows steam up on a cold morning because warm, damp air inside condenses on the cold glass, the same way your breath makes a cloud in winter.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Windows, warm damp air, breath · **What happens:** steam up, condense, make · **To what, where:** same way, cold glass, cloud

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Windows, warm damp air, breath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:024-melting-freezing-and-boiling.lesson:8
# text = Windows steam up on a cold morning because warm, damp air inside condenses on the cold glass, the same way your breath makes a cloud in winter.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 024-melting-freezing-and-boiling.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	steam	steam	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
9	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	condenses	condense	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
23	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steam up** | present | Windows |  |  |  | morning |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **condense** | present | warm damp air | the same way |  | the cold glass |  | inside *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | present | your breath | a cloud |  |  | winter |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cloud=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:024-melting-freezing-and-boiling.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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