--- title: When enough charge builds up it can jump across a gap as a spark, li… — Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks · tree and pragmatics description: When enough charge builds up it can jump across a gap as a spark, like the tiny zap from a door handle after you shuffle across the carpet, or the crackle of a jumper pulled off in the dark. Who acts: enough charge, charge, you, jumper. A sentence of the lesson «Static electricity: balloons, hair an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/26-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Static electricity: balloons, hair and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/26-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks/) / 2 # Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks, sentence 2 When enough charge builds up it can jump across a gap as a spark, like the tiny zap from a door handle after you shuffle across the carpet, or the crackle of a jumper pulled off in the dark. **Who acts:** enough charge, charge, you, jumper · **What happens:** build up, jump, shuffle, pull off, crackle · **To what, where:** gap, carpet, crackle, dark This is a sentence of the lesson «Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enough charge, charge, you, jumper), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:026-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks.lesson:2 # text = When enough charge builds up it can jump across a gap as a spark, like the tiny zap from a door handle after you shuffle across the carpet, or the crackle of a jumper pulled off in the dark. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 026-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Rel 4 advmod _ _ 2 enough enough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 charge charge NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 builds build VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 5 up up ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 7 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _ 8 jump jump VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 9 across across ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 gap gap NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 as as ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 spark spark NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 like like ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 zap zap NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 20 from from ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 door door NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 handle handle NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 24 after after SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 25 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 shuffle shuffle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 advcl _ _ 27 across across ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 carpet carpet NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 or or CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 crackle crackle NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 jumper jumper NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 37 pulled pull VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 acl _ _ 38 off off ADP RP _ 37 compound:prt _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 dark dark NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build up** | present | enough charge | | | | | | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **jump** | can | charge | | | a gap | | as a spark; like the tiny zap from a door handle or the crackle of a jumper | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across gap=Trajectory | | 3 | **shuffle** | present | you | | | the carpet | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across carpet=Trajectory | | 4 | **pull off** | participle | | the crackle of a jumper *not said here* | | the dark | | | vn complete-55.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **crackle** | | a jumper | | | | | | nom crackle «event intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:026-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Static electricity: balloons, hair and…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/26-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks/1/) - next →: [Static electricity: balloons, hair and…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/26-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/26-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks/)