--- title: Electricity only flows when it has a complete loop to go round, from… — Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows · tree and pragmatics description: Electricity only flows when it has a complete loop to go round, from the battery, through the bulb and back again; that loop is called a circuit. Who acts: Electricity. A sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/) / 0 # Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 0 Electricity only flows when it has a complete loop to go round, from the battery, through the bulb and back again; that loop is called a circuit. **Who acts:** Electricity · **What happens:** flow, have, go round, call · **To what, where:** complete loop, battery, loop · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Electricity), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:0 # text = Electricity only flows when it has a complete loop to go round, from the battery, through the bulb and back again; that loop is called a circuit. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Electricity electricity NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 only only ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 flows flow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 6 advmod _ _ 5 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 6 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 complete complete ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 loop loop NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 acl _ _ 12 round round ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 from from ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 battery battery NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 through through ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 bulb bulb NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 back back ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 again again ADV RB _ 6 conj _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 26 det _ _ 26 loop loop NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj:pass _ _ 27 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 circuit circuit NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 xcomp _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **flow** | present | Electricity | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **have** | present | Electricity | a complete loop | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loop=Patient | | 3 | **go round** | to-infinitive | Electricity *not said here* | a complete loop *not said here* | | the battery | | through the bulb; round *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from battery=Initial\_Location through bulb=Destination | | 4 | **call** | present · passive | | that loop | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Static electricity: balloons, hair and…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/26-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks/16/) - next →: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/)