--- title: In some strings of Christmas lights all the bulbs are in one loop, s… — Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows · tree and pragmatics description: In some strings of Christmas lights all the bulbs are in one loop, so one broken bulb stops the flow to all of them; newer strings give each bulb its own path. Who acts: one broken bulb, newer strings. A sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/) / 13 # Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 13 In some strings of Christmas lights all the bulbs are in one loop, so one broken bulb stops the flow to all of them; newer strings give each bulb its own path. **Who acts:** one broken bulb, newer strings · **What happens:** be, break, stop, give · **To what, where:** one loop, flow, own path, bulb This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one broken bulb, newer strings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:13 # text = In some strings of Christmas lights all the bulbs are in one loop, so one broken bulb stops the flow to all of them; newer strings give each bulb its own path. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 3 det _ _ 3 strings string NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:nsubj 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 Christmas Christmas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 lights light NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 7 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 9 det:predet _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 bulbs bulb NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 10 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 13 nummod _ _ 13 loop loop NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 so so ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 16 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 17 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 18 bulb bulb NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 stops stop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 flow flow NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 19 obl _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 27 newer new ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 28 amod _ _ 28 strings string NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 30 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 31 det _ _ 31 bulb bulb NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 iobj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:obj 32 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 33 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 path path NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | | | | one loop | | in some strings of Christmas lights and all bulbs | tree rules | | 2 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **stop** | present | one broken bulb | the flow | | | | to all | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality flow=Eventuality | | 4 | **give** | present | newer strings | bulb's own path | each bulb | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent bulb=Recipient path=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/12/) - next →: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/)