--- title: A battery does not hold a tankful of electricity: it holds chemicals… — Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows · tree and pragmatics description: A battery does not hold a tankful of electricity: it holds chemicals that push electricity round the loop, and when those chemicals are used up the battery is flat. Who acts: battery, chemicals. A sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/) / 2 # Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 2 A battery does not hold a tankful of electricity: it holds chemicals that push electricity round the loop, and when those chemicals are used up the battery is flat. **Who acts:** battery, chemicals · **What happens:** not hold, hold, push, use up, be · **To what, where:** tankful, chemicals, electricity, loop This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (battery, chemicals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:2 # text = A battery does not hold a tankful of electricity: it holds chemicals that push electricity round the loop, and when those chemicals are used up the battery is flat. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 battery battery NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 5 hold hold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 tankful tankful NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 electricity electricity NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 11 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 holds hold VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 13 chemicals chemical NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 14 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 nsubj _ _ 15 push push VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 acl:relcl _ _ 16 electricity electricity NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 round round ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 loop loop NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 22 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 26 advmod _ _ 23 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 24 det _ _ 24 chemicals chemical NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj:pass _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 conj _ _ 27 up up ADP RP _ 26 compound:prt _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 battery battery NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 30 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 31 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 parataxis _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **hold** | present · do-support | a battery | a tankful of electricity | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tankful=Theme | | 2 | **hold** | present | battery | chemicals | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemical=Theme | | 3 | **push** | present | chemicals | electricity | | the loop | | | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme round loop=Trajectory | | 4 | **use up** | present · passive | | that chemicals | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | the battery | | | | | flat *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/1/) - next →: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/)