--- title: When electricity squeezes through a thin wire it heats it up; that i… — Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows · tree and pragmatics description: When electricity squeezes through a thin wire it heats it up; that is how an old bulb glows, how a toaster browns bread, and why a charger feels warm. Who acts: electricity, that, old bulb, toaster. A sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mov --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/) / 4 # Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 4 When electricity squeezes through a thin wire it heats it up; that is how an old bulb glows, how a toaster browns bread, and why a charger feels warm. **Who acts:** electricity, that, old bulb, toaster, charger · **What happens:** squeeze, heat up, be, glow, brown, feel · **To what, where:** thin wire, wire, bread This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (electricity, that, old bulb, toaster), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:4 # text = When electricity squeezes through a thin wire it heats it up; that is how an old bulb glows, how a toaster browns bread, and why a charger feels warm. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 3 advmod _ _ 2 electricity electricity NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 squeezes squeeze VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ 4 through through ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 wire wire NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 heats heat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ _ 11 up up ADP RP _ 9 compound:prt _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=9:punct 13 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 15 nsubj _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 15 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 9 conj _ _ 16 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:det 17 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:amod 18 bulb bulb NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 glows glow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 acl:relcl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct 21 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 24 advmod _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 toaster toaster NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 browns brown VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:conj 25 bread bread NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 31 advmod _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 charger charger NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 31 feels feel VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 32 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 xcomp _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **squeeze** | present | electricity | | | a thin wire | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through wire=Trajectory | | 2 | **heat up** | present | Electricity | wire | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument it=Patient | | 3 | **is** | present | that | | | | | how *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **glow** | present | a old bulb | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **brown** | present | a toaster | bread | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument bread=Patient | | 6 | **feel** | present | a charger | | | | | warm *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/2/) - next →: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/)