--- title: Electricity flows only round a complete loop called a circuit; a swi… — Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows · tree and pragmatics description: Electricity flows only round a complete loop called a circuit; a switch opens or closes a gap in that loop. Who acts: Electricity, complete loop, switch. A sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/) / 5 # Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 5 Electricity flows only round a complete loop called a circuit; a switch opens or closes a gap in that loop. **Who acts:** Electricity, complete loop, switch · **What happens:** flow, call, open, close · **To what, where:** circuit, gap · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Electricity, complete loop, switch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:5 # text = Electricity flows only round a complete loop called a circuit; a switch opens or closes a gap in that loop. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Electricity electricity NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 flows flow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 only only ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 4 round round ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 complete complete ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 loop loop NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 8 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 7 acl _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 circuit circuit NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 switch switch NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 opens open VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 15 or or CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 closes close VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 gap gap NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 21 det _ _ 21 loop loop NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:obl 22 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **flow** | present | Electricity | | | | | round a complete loop | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **call** | participle | a complete loop *not said here* | a circuit | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent circuit=Recipient | | 3 | **open** | present | a switch | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **close** | present | a switch *not said here* | a gap | | | | in that loop | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent gap=Patient in loop=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/4/) - next →: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/)