---
title: Metals let electricity flow because they have loose electrons that c… — Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows · tree and pragmatics
description: Metals let electricity flow because they have loose electrons that can drift along; plastic, rubber and wood block it. Who acts: Metals, electricity, loose electrons, plastic. A sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/8/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/) / 8

# Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Metals let electricity flow because they have loose electrons that can drift along; plastic, rubber and wood block it.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Metals, electricity, loose electrons, plastic · **What happens:** let, flow, have, drift along, block · **To what, where:** electricity, loose electrons

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Metals, electricity, loose electrons, plastic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:8
# text = Metals let electricity flow because they have loose electrons that can drift along; plastic, rubber and wood block it.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Metals	metal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	let	let	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	flow	flow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	drift	drift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	along	along	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
20	block	block	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | Metals | electricity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **flow** | infinitive | electricity *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | present | Metals *= metal* | loose electrons |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electron=Patient |
| 4 | **drift along** | can | loose electrons |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **block** | present | plastic and rubber and wood | Electricity |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/7/)
- next →: [Batteries, circuits and how electricit…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/9/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/)