---
title: A loudspeaker uses electricity in a coil next to a magnet to push a… — Compasses and the magnetic Earth · tree and pragmatics
description: A loudspeaker uses electricity in a coil next to a magnet to push a cone in and out, making sound waves in the air. Who acts: loudspeaker. A sentence of the lesson «Compasses and the magnetic Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Compasses and the magnetic Earth, sentence 16

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A loudspeaker uses electricity in a coil next to a magnet to push a cone in and out, making sound waves in the air.

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**Who acts:** loudspeaker · **What happens:** use, push, make · **To what, where:** electricity, coil, cone, sound waves, air

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Compasses and the magnetic Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (loudspeaker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:030-compasses-and-the-magnetic-earth.lesson:16
# text = A loudspeaker uses electricity in a coil next to a magnet to push a cone in and out, making sound waves in the air.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 030-compasses-and-the-magnetic-earth.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loudspeaker	loudspeaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	coil	coil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	next	next	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	magnet	magnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cone	cone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	out	out	ADV	RB	_	16	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
21	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | a loudspeaker | electricity |  | a coil to a magnet |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Patient |
| 2 | **push** | to-infinitive | a loudspeaker *not said here* | a cone |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cone=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | a loudspeaker *not said here* | sound waves |  | the air |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wave=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:030-compasses-and-the-magnetic-earth.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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