---
title: A petrol engine wastes much of its fuel as heat, which is why a car… — Fuels, the Sun and saving energy · tree and pragmatics
description: A petrol engine wastes much of its fuel as heat, which is why a car needs a radiator; electric motors waste much less. Who acts: petrol engine, heat, car, electric motors. A sentence of the lesson «Fuels, the Sun and saving energy» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t
---

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# Fuels, the Sun and saving energy, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A petrol engine wastes much of its fuel as heat, which is why a car needs a radiator; electric motors waste much less.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** petrol engine, heat, car, electric motors · **What happens:** waste, be, need · **To what, where:** much, radiator, less

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Fuels, the Sun and saving energy» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (petrol engine, heat, car, electric motors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:032-fuels-the-sun-and-saving-energy.lesson:14
# text = A petrol engine wastes much of its fuel as heat, which is why a car needs a radiator; electric motors waste much less.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 032-fuels-the-sun-and-saving-energy.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wastes	waste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:NN:PronType=Ind
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	radiator	radiator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
21	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	motors	motor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	waste	waste	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
24	much	much	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	obj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **waste** | present | a petrol engine | much of engine's fuel |  |  |  | as heat | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent much=Duration as heat=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | present | heat |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **need** | present | a car | a radiator |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot radiator=Theme |
| 4 | **waste** | present | electric motors | less |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent less=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:032-fuels-the-sun-and-saving-energy.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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