--- title: Gears are toothed wheels that turn each other: a small gear driving… — Pulleys, gears and big machines · tree and pragmatics description: Gears are toothed wheels that turn each other: a small gear driving a big one turns it slowly with a strong twist, a big one driving a small one spins it fast, and two gears side by side always turn opposite ways. Who acts: Gears, toothed wheels, small gear, big one. A sentence of the lesson «Pulley --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Pulleys, gears and big machines](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/) / 2 # Pulleys, gears and big machines, sentence 2 Gears are toothed wheels that turn each other: a small gear driving a big one turns it slowly with a strong twist, a big one driving a small one spins it fast, and two gears side by side always turn opposite ways. **Who acts:** Gears, toothed wheels, small gear, big one, two gears · **What happens:** be, turn, drive, spin · **To what, where:** toothed wheels, each, big one, wheel, small one, opposite ways This is a sentence of the lesson «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gears, toothed wheels, small gear, big one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson:2 # text = Gears are toothed wheels that turn each other: a small gear driving a big one turns it slowly with a strong twist, a big one driving a small one spins it fast, and two gears side by side always turn opposite ways. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Gears gear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 toothed toothed ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 wheels wheel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 turn turn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 7 each each DET DT ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp 6 obj _ _ 8 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 fixed _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 gear gear NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 13 driving drive VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 acl _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 17 turns turn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ _ 19 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 twist twist NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 28 driving drive VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 27 acl _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 32 spins spin VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 32 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=32:xcomp|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 35 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 37 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 38 nummod _ _ 38 gears gear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 nsubj _ _ 39 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 flat _ _ 40 by by ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:nmod 42 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 43 advmod _ _ 43 turn turn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 44 opposite opposite ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obj _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Gears | toothed wheels | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **turn** | present | toothed wheels | each | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent each=Theme | | 3 | **drive** | gerund | a small gear *not said here* | a big one | | | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme one=Trajectory | | 4 | **turn** | present | a small gear | wheel | | | | with a strong twist; slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 5 | **drive** | gerund | a big one *not said here* | a small one | | | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme one=Trajectory | | 6 | **spin** | present | a big one | wheel | | | | fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 7 | **turn** | present | two gears | opposite ways | | | | always *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent way=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Pulleys, gears and big machines, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/1/) - next →: [Pulleys, gears and big machines, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/)