---
title: Every one of these machines swaps force for distance or speed; none… — Pulleys, gears and big machines · tree and pragmatics
description: Every one of these machines swaps force for distance or speed; none of them gives energy for free. Who acts: one, none. A sentence of the lesson «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Pulleys, gears and big machines, sentence 4

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Every one of these machines swaps force for distance or speed; none of them gives energy for free.

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**Who acts:** one, none · **What happens:** swap, give · **To what, where:** force, energy

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson:4
# text = Every one of these machines swaps force for distance or speed; none of them gives energy for free.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	swaps	swap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:nmod
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	16	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	_
16	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj
17	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swap** | present | every one of this machines | force |  |  |  | for distance or speed | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent force=Theme for distance=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | none | energy |  |  |  | for free | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent energy=Theme for free=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Pulleys, gears and big machines, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/3/)
- next →: [Pulleys, gears and big machines, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/5/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/)