--- title: The gears on a bike are toothed wheels joined by the chain: a small… — Pulleys, gears and big machines · tree and pragmatics description: The gears on a bike are toothed wheels joined by the chain: a small gear at the back makes the wheel turn faster, a big one makes pedalling easier. Who acts: small gear, wheel, big one. A sentence of the lesson «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Pulleys, gears and big machines](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/) / 8 # Pulleys, gears and big machines, sentence 8 The gears on a bike are toothed wheels joined by the chain: a small gear at the back makes the wheel turn faster, a big one makes pedalling easier. **Who acts:** small gear, wheel, big one · **What happens:** be, join, make, turn, pedal · **To what, where:** toothed wheels, wheel This is a sentence of the lesson «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small gear, wheel, big one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson:8 # text = The gears on a bike are toothed wheels joined by the chain: a small gear at the back makes the wheel turn faster, a big one makes pedalling easier. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 gears gear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 3 on on ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 bike bike NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 toothed toothed ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 wheels wheel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 9 joined join VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 10 by by ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 chain chain NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl:agent _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 gear gear NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 17 at at ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 20 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 wheel wheel NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 24 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 23 xcomp _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 29 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 30 pedalling pedal VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 nsubj _ _ 31 easier easy ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 29 xcomp _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | | | | | | toothed *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **join** | participle | | toothed wheels *not said here* | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **make** | present | a small gear at the back | the wheel | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **turn** | infinitive | the wheel *not said here* | | | | | fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **make** | present | a big one | | | | | easy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 6 | **pedal** | gerund | | | | | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Pulleys, gears and big machines, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/7/) - next →: [Pulleys, gears and big machines, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/)