--- title: To speed up, slow down or turn, you need a push: the engine pushes t… — Speed: fast and slow · tree and pragmatics description: To speed up, slow down or turn, you need a push: the engine pushes the car faster, the brakes slow it, and the ground pushes sideways on your feet when you turn. Who acts: you, engine, brakes, ground. A sentence of the lesson «Speed: fast and slow» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Speed: fast and slow](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/) / 3 # Speed: fast and slow, sentence 3 To speed up, slow down or turn, you need a push: the engine pushes the car faster, the brakes slow it, and the ground pushes sideways on your feet when you turn. **Who acts:** you, engine, brakes, ground · **What happens:** speed up, slow down, turn, need, push, slow · **To what, where:** push, car This is a sentence of the lesson «Speed: fast and slow» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, engine, brakes, ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:036-speed-fast-and-slow.lesson:3 # text = To speed up, slow down or turn, you need a push: the engine pushes the car faster, the brakes slow it, and the ground pushes sideways on your feet when you turn. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 036-speed-fast-and-slow.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×2 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark _ _ 2 speed speed VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ _ 3 up up ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 slow slow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 6 down down ADP RP _ 5 compound:prt _ _ 7 or or CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=5:conj 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 push push NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:det 16 engine engine NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 17 pushes push VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 17 advmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 brakes brake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 slow slow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=24:punct 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:det 29 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 pushes push VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=24:conj 31 sideways sideways ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 32 on on ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 35 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 37 advmod _ _ 36 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 37 turn turn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 advcl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speed up** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **slow down** | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **turn** | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **need** | present | you | a push | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot push=Theme | | 5 | **push** | present | the engine | the car | | | | fast *property* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Theme | | 6 | **slow** | present | the brakes | car | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 7 | **push** | present | the ground | | | | | on your feet; sideways *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on foot=Theme | | 8 | **turn** | present | you | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:036-speed-fast-and-slow.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Speed: fast and slow, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/2/) - next →: [Speed: fast and slow, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/)