---
title: A cyclist's helmet softens a knock to the head, and bright clothes a… — Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe · tree and pragmatics
description: A cyclist's helmet softens a knock to the head, and bright clothes and lights help drivers see the cyclist. Who acts: helmet, bright clothes, drivers. A sentence of the lesson «Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cyclist's helmet softens a knock to the head, and bright clothes and lights help drivers see the cyclist.

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**Who acts:** helmet, bright clothes, drivers · **What happens:** soften, help, see · **To what, where:** knock, drivers, cyclist

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (helmet, bright clothes, drivers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:037-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe.lesson:12
# text = A cyclist's helmet softens a knock to the head, and bright clothes and lights help drivers see the cyclist.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 037-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	softens	soften	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	knock	knock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	17	nsubj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
18	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **soften** | present | a cyclist's helmet | a knock |  |  |  | to the head | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent knock=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | present | bright clothes and lights | drivers |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent driver=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | infinitive | drivers *not said here* | the cyclist |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cyclist=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:037-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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