---
title: Forces come in pairs: stand on a skateboard and throw a heavy ball f… — Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop · tree and pragmatics
description: Forces come in pairs: stand on a skateboard and throw a heavy ball forward, and the ball pushes you backwards just as hard. Who acts: Forces, ball. A sentence of the lesson «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and
---

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# Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop, sentence 3

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Forces come in pairs: stand on a skateboard and throw a heavy ball forward, and the ball pushes you backwards just as hard.

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**Who acts:** Forces, ball · **What happens:** come, stand, throw, push · **To what, where:** pairs, skateboard, heavy ball, you

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Forces, ball), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:004-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop.lesson:3
# text = Forces come in pairs: stand on a skateboard and throw a heavy ball forward, and the ball pushes you backwards just as hard.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 004-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pairs	pair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	skateboard	skateboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	pushes	push	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	backwards	backward	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
23	just	just	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	as	as	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	advmod	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Forces |  |  | pairs |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pair=Location |
| 2 | **stand** | infinitive |  |  |  | a skateboard |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on skateboard=Location |
| 3 | **throw** | infinitive |  | a heavy ball |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |
| 4 | **push** | present | the ball | you |  |  |  | backward, hard *property* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:004-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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