--- title: Seasons are not caused by the Earth getting closer to the Sun: the E… — Seasons and tides · tree and pragmatics description: Seasons are not caused by the Earth getting closer to the Sun: the Earth is actually nearest to the Sun in January, in the northern winter, and Australians eat Christmas lunch on the beach. Who acts: Earth, Australians. A sentence of the lesson «Seasons and tides» of the physics course of Mova's pri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/40-seasons-and-tides/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Seasons and tides](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/40-seasons-and-tides/) / 2 # Seasons and tides, sentence 2 Seasons are not caused by the Earth getting closer to the Sun: the Earth is actually nearest to the Sun in January, in the northern winter, and Australians eat Christmas lunch on the beach. **Who acts:** Earth, Australians · **What happens:** not cause, get, be, eat · **To what, where:** Seasons, Christmas lunch, beach This is a sentence of the lesson «Seasons and tides» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earth, Australians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:040-seasons-and-tides.lesson:2 # text = Seasons are not caused by the Earth getting closer to the Sun: the Earth is actually nearest to the Sun in January, in the northern winter, and Australians eat Christmas lunch on the beach. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 040-seasons-and-tides.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Seasons season NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 Earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 getting get VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 acl _ _ 9 closer close ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 8 xcomp _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 actually actually ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 nearest near ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 4 parataxis _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 January January PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 northern northern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 Australians Australian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 33 Christmas Christmas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 lunch lunch NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 on on ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 beach beach NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **cause** | present · passive | the Earth | Seasons | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | | 2 | **get** | gerund | the Earth *not said here* | | | | | close *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **is** | present | the Earth | | | | winter | to the Sun in January; actually, near *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **eat** | present | Australians | Christmas lunch | | the beach | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:040-seasons-and-tides.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Seasons and tides, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/40-seasons-and-tides/1/) - next →: [Seasons and tides, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/40-seasons-and-tides/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/40-seasons-and-tides/)