--- title: A falling object speeds up every second because gravity keeps pullin… — Alice's fall and her sizes: falling, the centre… · tree and pragmatics description: A falling object speeds up every second because gravity keeps pulling it; only air pushing back slows it, which is why a parachute falls gently and a stone does not. Who acts: falling object, gravity, air, stone. A sentence of the lesson «Alice's fall and her sizes: falling, the centre of the Earth, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/41-alice-s-fall-and-sizes-falling-the-centre-of-the-earth-giants-and-tiny-people/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Alice's fall and her sizes: falling, t…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/41-alice-s-fall-and-sizes-falling-the-centre-of-the-earth-giants-and-tiny-people/) / 7 # Alice's fall and her sizes: falling, the centre of the Earth, giants and tiny people, sentence 7 A falling object speeds up every second because gravity keeps pulling it; only air pushing back slows it, which is why a parachute falls gently and a stone does not. **Who acts:** falling object, gravity, air, stone · **What happens:** fall, speed up, keep, pull, push back, slow · **To what, where:** gravity This is a sentence of the lesson «Alice's fall and her sizes: falling, the centre of the Earth, giants and tiny people» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (falling object, gravity, air, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:041-alice-s-fall-and-sizes-falling-the-centre-of-the-earth-giants-and-tiny-people.lesson:7 # text = A falling object speeds up every second because gravity keeps pulling it; only air pushing back slows it, which is why a parachute falls gently and a stone does not. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 041-alice-s-fall-and-sizes-falling-the-centre-of-the-earth-giants-and-tiny-people.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 falling fall VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 object object NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 speeds speed VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 up up ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 7 det _ _ 7 second second NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl:unmarked _ _ 8 because because SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:mark 9 gravity gravity NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:compound 10 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:nsubj 11 pulling pull VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:advcl 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 14 only only ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 16 pushing push VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 15 acl _ _ 17 back back ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 slows slow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 21 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 26 nsubj _ _ 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 26 advmod _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 parachute parachute NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 falls fall VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 27 gently gently ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 31 does do VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 32 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **speed up** | present | a falling object | | | | second | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **keep** | present | gravity | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **pull** | gerund | gravity *not said here* | gravity | | | | | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 5 | **push back** | gerund | air *not said here* | | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **slow** | present | air | gravity | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 7 | **is** | present | | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **fall** | present | | | | | | gently *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **not** **do** | present | a stone | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:041-alice-s-fall-and-sizes-falling-the-centre-of-the-earth-giants-and-tiny-people.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Alice's fall and her sizes: falling, t…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/41-alice-s-fall-and-sizes-falling-the-centre-of-the-earth-giants-and-tiny-people/6/) - next →: [Alice's fall and her sizes: falling, t…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/41-alice-s-fall-and-sizes-falling-the-centre-of-the-earth-giants-and-tiny-people/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/41-alice-s-fall-and-sizes-falling-the-centre-of-the-earth-giants-and-tiny-people/)