---
title: Light crosses empty space but sound cannot, so astronauts see the Su… — Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electricity and ma… · tree and pragmatics
description: Light crosses empty space but sound cannot, so astronauts see the Sun but never hear it, and talk to each other by radio. Who acts: Light, astronauts. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electricity and magnets ★★★» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependen
---

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# Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electricity and magnets ★★★, sentence 10

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Light crosses empty space but sound cannot, so astronauts see the Sun but never hear it, and talk to each other by radio.

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**Who acts:** Light, astronauts · **What happens:** cross, see, not hear, talk · **To what, where:** empty space, Sun

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electricity and magnets ★★★» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Light, astronauts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:043-olympiad-sound-light-heat-and-magnets.lesson:10
# text = Light crosses empty space but sound cannot, so astronauts see the Sun but never hear it, and talk to each other by radio.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 043-olympiad-sound-light-heat-and-magnets.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crosses	cross	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
3	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:aux
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	21	obl	_	_
24	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	fixed	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | present | Light | empty space but sound |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent space=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive | astronauts | the Sun |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sun=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **hear** | infinitive | astronauts *not said here* | Sun |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 4 | **talk** | infinitive | astronauts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to each; by radio | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to each=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:043-olympiad-sound-light-heat-and-magnets.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- next →: [Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electric…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/43-olympiad-sound-light-heat-and-magnets/11/)
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