---
title: The Earth is nearest to the Sun in early January; the seasons come f… — Olympiad: speed, space and seasons ★★★ · tree and pragmatics
description: The Earth is nearest to the Sun in early January; the seasons come from the tilt of the Earth, not from its distance. Who acts: Earth, seasons. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: speed, space and seasons ★★★» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/44-olympiad-speed-space-and-seasons/11/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Olympiad: speed, space and seasons ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/44-olympiad-speed-space-and-seasons/) / 11

# Olympiad: speed, space and seasons ★★★, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth is nearest to the Sun in early January; the seasons come from the tilt of the Earth, not from its distance.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Earth, seasons · **What happens:** be, come, tilt · **To what, where:** tilt

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: speed, space and seasons ★★★» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earth, seasons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:physics:044-olympiad-speed-space-and-seasons.lesson:11
# text = The Earth is nearest to the Sun in early January; the seasons come from the tilt of the Earth, not from its distance.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = physics
# lesson = 044-olympiad-speed-space-and-seasons.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	seasons	season	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	tilt	tilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Earth |  |  |  |  | to the Sun in early January; near *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present | the seasons |  |  | the tilt of the Earth and Sun's distance |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from tilt=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **tilt** |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  |  | nom tilt «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:044-olympiad-speed-space-and-seasons.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Olympiad: speed, space and seasons ★★★, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/44-olympiad-speed-space-and-seasons/10/)
- next →: [Olympiad: speed, space and seasons ★★★, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/44-olympiad-speed-space-and-seasons/12/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/44-olympiad-speed-space-and-seasons/)