--- title: The speed a bike loses when it brakes turns into heat in the pads an… — Friction: the grip that stops and helps · tree and pragmatics description: The speed a bike loses when it brakes turns into heat in the pads and rim, which is why they are hot after a long ride downhill. Who acts: bike, speed, brakes. A sentence of the lesson «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the physics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Friction: the grip that stops and helps](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/) / 11 # Friction: the grip that stops and helps, sentence 11 The speed a bike loses when it brakes turns into heat in the pads and rim, which is why they are hot after a long ride downhill. **Who acts:** bike, speed, brakes · **What happens:** lose, brake, turn, be · **To what, where:** speed, heat This is a sentence of the lesson «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bike, speed, brakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:006-friction-the-grip.lesson:11 # text = The speed a bike loses when it brakes turns into heat in the pads and rim, which is why they are hot after a long ride downhill. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 006-friction-the-grip.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 speed speed NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 bike bike NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 loses lose VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _ 6 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 8 advmod _ _ 7 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 brakes brake VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 9 turns turn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 into into ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 pads pad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 rim rim NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 20 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 23 advmod _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 22 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 parataxis _ _ 24 after after ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 ride ride NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 28 downhill downhill ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lose** | present | a bike | the speed *not said here* | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speed=Eventuality | | 2 | **brake** | present | bike | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **turn** | present | the speed | | | heat | | in the pads and rim | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into heat=Source in pad=Trajectory | | 4 | **is** | present | | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **is** | present | brakes *= brake* | | | | after a long ride | hot *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:006-friction-the-grip.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Friction: the grip that stops and helps, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/10/) - next →: [Friction: the grip that stops and helps, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/)