--- title: A layer of water between tyres and road makes a car skid; this is ca… — Friction: the grip that stops and helps · tree and pragmatics description: A layer of water between tyres and road makes a car skid; this is called aquaplaning, and tyre treads push the water away, so worn-smooth "bald" tyres are dangerous in the rain. Who acts: layer, tyre treads, smooth bald tyres. A sentence of the lesson «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/) / [Friction: the grip that stops and helps](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/) / 13 # Friction: the grip that stops and helps, sentence 13 A layer of water between tyres and road makes a car skid; this is called aquaplaning, and tyre treads push the water away, so worn-smooth "bald" tyres are dangerous in the rain. **Who acts:** layer, tyre treads, smooth bald tyres · **What happens:** make, call, push away, be · **To what, where:** car skid, this, water, rain · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (layer, tyre treads, smooth bald tyres), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:physics:006-friction-the-grip.lesson:13 # text = A layer of water between tyres and road makes a car skid; this is called aquaplaning, and tyre treads push the water away, so worn-smooth "bald" tyres are dangerous in the rain. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = physics # lesson = 006-friction-the-grip.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 layer layer NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 between between ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 tyres tyre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=6:cc 8 road road NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 9 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 skid skid NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 16 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 17 aquaplaning aquaplane NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 xcomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:xcomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:VerbForm=Ger 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=16:cc 20 tyre tyre NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 21 treads tread NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 22 push push VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 away away ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 so so ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 28 worn worn ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 28 punct _ _ 30 smooth smooth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 31 " " PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ _ 32 bald bald ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ _ 34 tyres tyre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 35 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 36 dangerous dangerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj 37 in in ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present | a layer of water between tyres and road | a car skid | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset skid=Product | | 2 | **call** | present · passive | | this | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 3 | **push away** | present | tyre treads | the water | | | | away *property* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | | 4 | **is** | present | smooth bald tyres | | | the rain | | dangerous *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:physics:006-friction-the-grip.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Friction: the grip that stops and helps, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/12/) - next →: [Friction: the grip that stops and helps, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/)