--- title: A tariff is a tax on goods coming from abroad; news reports said tha… — Prices, money and jobs: why everything costs more · tree and pragmatics description: A tariff is a tax on goods coming from abroad; news reports said that in 2025 the US announced many new tariffs, and some countries answered with tariffs of their own. Who acts: tariff, goods, news reports, US. A sentence of the lesson «Prices, money and jobs: why everything costs more» of the polit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/18-prices-money-and-jobs-why-everything-costs-more/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/) / [Prices, money and jobs: why everything…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/18-prices-money-and-jobs-why-everything-costs-more/) / 12 # Prices, money and jobs: why everything costs more, sentence 12 A tariff is a tax on goods coming from abroad; news reports said that in 2025 the US announced many new tariffs, and some countries answered with tariffs of their own. **Who acts:** tariff, goods, news reports, US, countries · **What happens:** be, come, say, announce, answer · **To what, where:** tax, goods, many new tariffs, 2025 · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Prices, money and jobs: why everything costs more» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tariff, goods, news reports, US), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:politics:018-prices-money-and-jobs-why-everything-costs-more.lesson:12 # text = A tariff is a tax on goods coming from abroad; news reports said that in 2025 the US announced many new tariffs, and some countries answered with tariffs of their own. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = politics # lesson = 018-prices-money-and-jobs-why-everything-costs-more.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 tariff tariff NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 tax tax NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 goods goods NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 5 nmod _ _ 8 coming come VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:acl 9 from from ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 abroad abroad ADV RB _ 8 obl _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 news news NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 reports report NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 2025 2025 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 20 obl _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 US US PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:nmod:unmarked 20 announced announce VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 ccomp _ _ 21 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 22 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 tariffs tariff NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 27 det _ _ 27 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 answered answer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 tariffs tariff NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 nmod _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a tariff | a tax | | goods | | | tree rules | | 2 | **come** | gerund | goods *not said here* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from abroad=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | news reports | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **announce** *speech: other* | past | the US | many new tariffs | | 2025 | | | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tariff=Theme | | 5 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | some countries | | | | | with tariffs of tariffs's own | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:018-prices-money-and-jobs-why-everything-costs-more.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Prices, money and jobs: why everything…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/18-prices-money-and-jobs-why-everything-costs-more/10/) - next →: [Prices, money and jobs: why everything…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/18-prices-money-and-jobs-why-everything-costs-more/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/18-prices-money-and-jobs-why-everything-costs-more/)