--- title: It was reported that many people tried to cross the US border with M… — Immigration and borders · tree and pragmatics description: It was reported that many people tried to cross the US border with Mexico without permission around 2022 and 2023, and that crossings dropped sharply in 2024 and 2025 after rule changes; some parts have fences or walls, others none. Who acts: many people, crossings, parts. A sentence of the lesson « --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/) / [Immigration and borders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/) / 13 # Immigration and borders, sentence 13 It was reported that many people tried to cross the US border with Mexico without permission around 2022 and 2023, and that crossings dropped sharply in 2024 and 2025 after rule changes; some parts have fences or walls, others none. **Who acts:** many people, crossings, parts · **What happens:** report, try, cross, drop, have · **To what, where:** country, US border, 2024, fences This is a sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many people, crossings, parts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:13 # text = It was reported that many people tried to cross the US border with Mexico without permission around 2022 and 2023, and that crossings dropped sharply in 2024 and 2025 after rule changes; some parts have fences or walls, others none. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = politics # lesson = 019-immigration-and-borders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 5 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 tried try VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 cross cross VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 xcomp _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 US US PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 border border NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 13 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Mexico Mexico PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 15 without without ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 permission permission NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 17 around around ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 2022 2022 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 16 appos _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 2023 2023 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 that that SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 24 crossings crossing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 dropped drop VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 26 sharply sharply ADV RB Degree=Pos 25 advmod _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 2024 2024 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 obl _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 2025 2025 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 conj _ _ 31 after after ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 rule rule NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 changes change NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:nmod 34 ; ; PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 35 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 36 det _ _ 36 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 37 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 38 fences fence NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ _ 39 or or CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 walls wall NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 conj _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 42 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nmod _ _ 43 none none PRON NN PronType=Neg 37 obj _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **report** | past · passive | | country | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | | 2 | **try** | past | many people | | | | | | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **cross** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | many people *not said here* | the US border | | | | with Mexico; without permission | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent border=Patient | | 4 | **drop** | past | crossings | | | 2024 | after rule changes | sharply *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in 2024=Trajectory | | 5 | **have** | present | some parts | fences others or walls | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Immigration and borders, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/11/) - next →: [Immigration and borders, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/)