--- title: It was reported that tens of thousands of people a year have crossed… — Immigration and borders · tree and pragmatics description: It was reported that tens of thousands of people a year have crossed the English Channel from France in small boats to ask for asylum in the UK; the crossings are dangerous, smugglers charge money for them, and some people have died. Who acts: tens, crossings, smugglers, people. A sentence of the le --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/) / [Immigration and borders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/) / 15 # Immigration and borders, sentence 15 It was reported that tens of thousands of people a year have crossed the English Channel from France in small boats to ask for asylum in the UK; the crossings are dangerous, smugglers charge money for them, and some people have died. **Who acts:** tens, crossings, smugglers, people · **What happens:** report, cross, ask, be, charge, die · **To what, where:** country, English Channel, France, money This is a sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tens, crossings, smugglers, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:15 # text = It was reported that tens of thousands of people a year have crossed the English Channel from France in small boats to ask for asylum in the UK; the crossings are dangerous, smugglers charge money for them, and some people have died. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = politics # lesson = 019-immigration-and-borders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 5 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl:unmarked _ _ 12 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 13 crossed cross VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 ccomp _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 Channel Channel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 17 from from ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 France France PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:nmod 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 boats boat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 ask ask VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:acl 24 for for ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 asylum asylum NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 UK UK PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 crossings crossing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 32 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 cop _ _ 33 dangerous dangerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 smugglers smuggler NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 36 charge charge VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 37 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 38 for for ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 42 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 43 det _ _ 43 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 nsubj _ _ 44 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 45 died die VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **report** | past · passive | | country | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | | 2 | **cross** | present · perfect | tens of thousands of people | the English Channel | | France | | in small boats | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent channel=Patient in boat=Topic | | 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive | tens of thousands of people *not said here* | | | | | for asylum in the UK | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** | present | the crossings | | | | | dangerous *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **charge** | present | smugglers | money | | | | for People | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent money=Patient for they=Theme | | 6 | **die** | present · perfect | some people | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Immigration and borders, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/14/) - next →: [Immigration and borders, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/)