--- title: It was reported that Australia has for many years turned back boats… — Immigration and borders · tree and pragmatics description: It was reported that Australia has for many years turned back boats and sent people arriving by boat to centres in other countries, called offshore processing, while also resettling some refugees each year. Who acts: Australia, people, centres. A sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/) / [Immigration and borders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/) / 17 # Immigration and borders, sentence 17 It was reported that Australia has for many years turned back boats and sent people arriving by boat to centres in other countries, called offshore processing, while also resettling some refugees each year. **Who acts:** Australia, people, centres · **What happens:** report, turn back, send, arrive, call, resettle · **To what, where:** most, boats, people, centres, offshore processing, refugees · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Australia, people, centres), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:17 # text = It was reported that Australia has for many years turned back boats and sent people arriving by boat to centres in other countries, called offshore processing, while also resettling some refugees each year. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = politics # lesson = 019-immigration-and-borders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 5 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 6 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 7 for for ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 10 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 11 back back ADP RP _ 10 compound:prt _ _ 12 boats boat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 sent send VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 16 arriving arrive VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 15 acl _ _ 17 by by ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 boat boat NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 centres centre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nmod _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 acl _ _ 26 offshore offshore ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 processing processing NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 xcomp _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 while while SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 30 also also ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 resettling resettle VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 16 conj _ _ 32 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 33 det _ _ 33 refugees refugee NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 34 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 35 det _ _ 35 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:nmod:unmarked 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **report** | past · passive | | most | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | | 2 | **turn back** | present | Australia | boats | | | year | | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Theme | | 3 | **send** | participle | Australia *not said here* | people | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | | 4 | **arrive** | gerund | people *not said here* | | | centres in other countries | | by boat | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to centre=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **call** | participle | centres in other countries *not said here* | offshore processing | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **resettle** | gerund | people *not said here* | some refugees | | | year | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Immigration and borders, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/16/) - next →: [Immigration and borders, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/)