--- title: Immigrants both take jobs and create them by working, starting busin… — Immigration and borders · tree and pragmatics description: Immigrants both take jobs and create them by working, starting businesses and spending money; experts disagree about the exact effects, which differ by place and type of work. Who acts: Immigrants, experts, exact effects. A sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of M --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/) / [Immigration and borders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/) / 18 # Immigration and borders, sentence 18 Immigrants both take jobs and create them by working, starting businesses and spending money; experts disagree about the exact effects, which differ by place and type of work. **Who acts:** Immigrants, experts, exact effects · **What happens:** take, create, work, start, spend, disagree · **To what, where:** jobs, People, businesses, money, work This is a sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Immigrants, experts, exact effects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:18 # text = Immigrants both take jobs and create them by working, starting businesses and spending money; experts disagree about the exact effects, which differ by place and type of work. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = politics # lesson = 019-immigration-and-borders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Immigrants immigrant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 both both ADV RB PronType=Tot 3 advmod _ _ 3 take take VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ _ 4 jobs job NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 create create VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 7 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ _ 8 by by SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 9 working work VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 advcl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 starting start VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 conj _ _ 12 businesses business NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 spending spend VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=11:conj 15 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 experts expert NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 disagree disagree VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 19 about about ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 exact exact ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 effects effect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 25 nsubj _ _ 25 differ differ VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _ 26 by by ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 type type NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 conj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 work work NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | present | Immigrants | jobs | | | | both *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Theme | | 2 | **create** | present | Immigrants *not said here* | People | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Result | | 3 | **work** | gerund | Immigrants *not said here* | | | | | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **start** | gerund | Immigrants *not said here* | businesses | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent business=Eventuality | | 5 | **spend** | gerund | Immigrants *not said here* | money | | | | | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset | | 6 | **disagree** | present | experts | | | | | about the exact effects | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about effect=Topic | | 7 | **differ** | present | the exact effects | | | | | by place and type of work | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **type** | | | work | | | | | nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Immigration and borders, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/17/) - next →: [Immigration and borders, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/)