--- title: After living legally in a country for some years and passing tests,… — Immigration and borders · tree and pragmatics description: After living legally in a country for some years and passing tests, immigrants can become citizens with the right to vote; many countries hold citizenship ceremonies with an oath. Who acts: immigrants, many countries. A sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/) / [Immigration and borders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/) / 19 # Immigration and borders, sentence 19 After living legally in a country for some years and passing tests, immigrants can become citizens with the right to vote; many countries hold citizenship ceremonies with an oath. **Who acts:** immigrants, many countries · **What happens:** live, pass, become, vote, hold · **To what, where:** country, tests, citizens, citizenship ceremonies This is a sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (immigrants, many countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:19 # text = After living legally in a country for some years and passing tests, immigrants can become citizens with the right to vote; many countries hold citizenship ceremonies with an oath. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = politics # lesson = 019-immigration-and-borders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 After after SCONJ IN _ 2 mark _ _ 2 living live VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 16 advcl _ _ 3 legally legally ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 for for ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 9 det _ _ 9 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 passing pass VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ _ 12 tests test NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 14 immigrants immigrant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 15 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 become become VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 17 citizens citizen NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 xcomp _ _ 18 with with ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 right right NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 vote vote VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 acl _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 24 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 26 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:conj 27 citizenship citizenship NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 ceremonies ceremony NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 oath oath NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | gerund | immigrants *not said here* | | | a country | year | legally *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in country=Location | | 2 | **pass** | gerund | immigrants *not said here* | tests | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme test=Trajectory | | 3 | **become** | can | immigrants | citizens with the right | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **vote** | to-infinitive | immigrants *not said here* | | | | | | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **hold** | present | many countries | citizenship ceremonies | | | | with a oath | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ceremony=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Immigration and borders, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/18/) - next →: [Immigration and borders, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/20/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/)