---
title: Many studies report that Australia has had far fewer mass shootings… — Guns, school safety and arguments about schools · tree and pragmatics
description: Many studies report that Australia has had far fewer mass shootings since 1996, though people argue about whether other countries could copy it. Who acts: Many studies, Australia, people, other countries. A sentence of the lesson «Guns, school safety and arguments about schools» of the politics cour
---

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# Guns, school safety and arguments about schools, sentence 11

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Many studies report that Australia has had far fewer mass shootings since 1996, though people argue about whether other countries could copy it.

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**Who acts:** Many studies, Australia, people, other countries · **What happens:** report, have, argue, copy · **To what, where:** fewer mass shootings, shooting

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Guns, school safety and arguments about schools» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many studies, Australia, people, other countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:politics:022-guns-school-safety-and-arguments-about-schools.lesson:11
# text = Many studies report that Australia has had far fewer mass shootings since 1996, though people argue about whether other countries could copy it.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = politics
# lesson = 022-guns-school-safety-and-arguments-about-schools.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	report	report	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
8	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
10	mass	mass	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	shootings	shooting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
12	since	since	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	1996	1996	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	argue	argue	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
18	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
19	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	copy	copy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:obl
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | present | Many studies |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present · perfect | Australia | fewer mass shootings |  |  | since 1996 |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shooting=Patient |
| 3 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **copy** | could | other countries | shooting |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:022-guns-school-safety-and-arguments-about-schools.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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