--- title: News reports said China's army held large exercises around Taiwan se… — Taiwan, China and the word «tensions» · tree and pragmatics description: News reports said China's army held large exercises around Taiwan several times, including in 2022, 2024 and 2025; China called them a warning against Taiwan breaking away, and Taiwan called them threatening. Who acts: News reports, army, several times, China. A sentence of the lesson «Taiwan, China --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/29-taiwan-china-and-the-word-tensions/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/) / [Taiwan, China and the word «tensions»](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/29-taiwan-china-and-the-word-tensions/) / 14 # Taiwan, China and the word «tensions», sentence 14 News reports said China's army held large exercises around Taiwan several times, including in 2022, 2024 and 2025; China called them a warning against Taiwan breaking away, and Taiwan called them threatening. **Who acts:** News reports, army, several times, China, warning, Taiwan · **What happens:** say, hold, include, call, break away, threaten · **To what, where:** large exercises, Taiwan, 2022, exercises, China · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Taiwan, China and the word «tensions»» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (News reports, army, several times, China), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:politics:029-taiwan-china-and-the-word-tensions.lesson:14 # text = News reports said China's army held large exercises around Taiwan several times, including in 2022, 2024 and 2025; China called them a warning against Taiwan breaking away, and Taiwan called them threatening. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = politics # lesson = 029-taiwan-china-and-the-word-tensions.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 News news NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 reports report NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod:poss _ _ 5 's 's PART POS _ 4 case _ _ 6 army army NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 held hold VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 8 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 exercises exercise NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 around around ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Taiwan Taiwan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl:unmarked _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 15 including include VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 13 acl _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 2022 2022 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 15 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct 19 2024 2024 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 flat _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 2025 2025 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 conj _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 23 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 25 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=24:obj 28 against against ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 Taiwan Taiwan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 30 breaking break VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 27 acl _ _ 31 away away ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 Taiwan Taiwan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 35 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 36 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ _ 37 threatening threaten VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 35 xcomp _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | News reports | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **hold** | past | China's army | large exercises | | Taiwan | time | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent exercise=Theme around taiwan=Location | | 3 | **include** | gerund | several times *not said here* | | | | | in 2022 *goal* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in 2022=Goal | | 4 | **call** | past | China | exercises *= exercise* | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | | 5 | **break away** | gerund | a warning against Taiwan *not said here* | | | | | away *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **call** | past | Taiwan | China | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **threaten** | gerund | Taiwan *not said here* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:029-taiwan-china-and-the-word-tensions.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Taiwan, China and the word «tensions», 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/29-taiwan-china-and-the-word-tensions/13/) - next →: [Taiwan, China and the word «tensions», 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/29-taiwan-china-and-the-word-tensions/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/29-taiwan-china-and-the-word-tensions/)