--- title: Sanctions are when countries refuse to trade with, sell to or lend m… — Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps… · tree and pragmatics description: Sanctions are when countries refuse to trade with, sell to or lend money to a country, company or person to push them to change; many countries put sanctions on Russia after 2022 and froze money belonging to its central bank. Who acts: Sanctions, countries, many countries, money. A sentence of the l --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/) / [Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the w…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/) / 17 # Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes, sentence 17 Sanctions are when countries refuse to trade with, sell to or lend money to a country, company or person to push them to change; many countries put sanctions on Russia after 2022 and froze money belonging to its central bank. **Who acts:** Sanctions, countries, many countries, money · **What happens:** be, refuse, not trade, sell, lend, push · **To what, where:** money, country, sanctions, Russia This is a sentence of the lesson «Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sanctions, countries, many countries, money), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:politics:030-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes.lesson:17 # text = Sanctions are when countries refuse to trade with, sell to or lend money to a country, company or person to push them to change; many countries put sanctions on Russia after 2022 and froze money belonging to its central bank. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = politics # lesson = 030-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 Sanctions sanction NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 5 advmod _ _ 4 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 refuse refuse VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 trade trade VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 xcomp _ _ 8 with with ADP IN _ 7 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 sell sell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ _ 11 to to ADP IN _ 10 obl _ _ 12 or or CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 lend lend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=10:conj 14 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 company company NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 20 or or CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 push push VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 advcl _ _ 24 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 to to PART TO _ 26 mark _ _ 26 change change VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 xcomp _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 2 punct _ _ 28 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 put put VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 31 sanctions sanction NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ _ 32 on on ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Russia Russia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:nmod 34 after after ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 2022 2022 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 30 obl _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 froze freeze VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ _ 38 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 39 belonging belong VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 38 acl _ _ 40 to to ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 41 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ _ 42 central central ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 bank bank NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **does** | present | Sanctions | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **refuse** | present | countries | | | | | | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **not** **trade** | to-infinitive | countries *not said here* | | | | | | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **sell** | infinitive | countries *not said here* | | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **lend** | infinitive | countries *not said here* | money | a country and company or person | | | | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Theme to country=Recipient | | 6 | **push** | to-infinitive | countries *not said here* | sanctions *= sanction* | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | | 7 | **change** | to-infinitive | countries *not said here* | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **put** | past | many countries | sanctions | | Russia | after 2022 | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent sanction=Theme on russia=Destination | | 9 | **freeze** | past | many countries *not said here* | money | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient money=Result | | 10 | **belong** | gerund | money *not said here* | | | | | to country's central bank | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:030-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the w…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/16/) - next →: [Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the w…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/)